"Autumn and Winter Season Change" for Problematic Skin Awareness
In autumn and winter, many people will have the following skin problems to a greater or lesser extent: skin tightness, dryness, itching, scaling and many other sensitive symptoms.
Why do you start to have a lot of problems with your skin as soon as the seasons change? How can we deal with skin problems that arise during the change of seasons? Today, Zemei will talk to you about the change of seasons~
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Estimated reading 13 minutes
As the largest organ of the human body, the skin is also the first line of defense against the outside world, protecting us from the external environment and blocking the invasion of external bacteria, viruses and other harmful substances. It regulates body temperature, touch, pain, temperature, and pressure through the stratum corneum and sebaceous membrane. So it's very sensitive to changes in the environment. Let's sort out the main causes of seasonal skin problems.
As the temperature drops, the capillaries of the human body constrict, and the speed of blood flow, the functioning of organs and metabolism are relatively slow. The humidity in the air decreases, and the moisture in the skin easily evaporates. The skin's ability to retain water is insufficient. The most direct manifestation of rapid water loss is dry and scaly skin. The skin's barrier function is impaired, the resistance is reduced, and it becomes sensitive. At this time, external stimuli are more likely to cause skin reactions, such as redness, swelling, pain, itching, etc.
The sebaceous glands are the skin's natural moisturizers. In the summer, the sebaceous glands secrete vigorously, and the skin teaches to keep hydrated. However, during the change of seasons, the secretion of sebaceous glands will decrease, resulting in a decrease in the skin's moisturizing ability, and the lack of sebum and moisture will dry up, and the outermost layer of the epidermal stratum corneum on the body surface will dry up, aging will be accelerated, and dryness will easily occur. The human body will feel that the face is dry, tight, scaling, etc., and in severe cases, there will be erythema and itchy rashes on the face.
The temperature difference between day and night is large during the change of seasons, and the sudden change in relative humidity will cause sensitive reactions of the skin, such as frequent heat stimulation and cold stimulation, which may trigger skin stress symptoms.
The high temperature environment causes blood vessels to dilate to dissipate heat and increase the secretion of sebum in the skin. In the cold environment, the blood vessels of the skin will constrict to reduce heat loss, which will affect the reduction of skin oil secretion and dry skin.
In an environment with high relative humidity, the skin is easy to retain moisture, the skin remains elastic, wrinkles are reduced, and the skin is not prone to dryness and tightness. Low humidity will accelerate the loss of moisture from the skin, and the skin will easily lose its elasticity, resulting in dryness, scaling and other problems.
At the same time, ambient humidity affects the balance of microorganisms in the skin, which in turn affects the health of the skin. Proper humidity helps to maintain the diversity of microorganisms on the skin's surface and strengthens the skin's resistance.
In summary, the environmental factors of the change of seasons directly or indirectly make the nerve endings of the skin in a more active and sensitive state, and for those with sensitive skin who have some problems with the skin barrier function [1] , they are more likely to have corresponding symptoms such as redness, itching, tingling and scaling. Autumn as the harvest season is also the season of allergens, especially in August and September, unlike the pollen allergens in spring, most of the allergens [2,3] come from trees, and the allergens in summer and autumn are mostly grass seed pollen of various weeds, such as mugwort, humulus, ragweed, etc., coupled with the pollution particles suspended in the air, it is easy to spread with the wind so that friends with sensitive physique have a handful of snot and tears, affecting skin comfort.
How can I easily identify my skin type? (Click on the text to jump to the original link: teach you to quickly judge your skin type, as well as the key points of skin care for each skin type).
Wash your face with warm water in the morning and dry it without applying any skin care products, and wait for about 1 hour to determine the oiliness of the whole face:
Dry skin: If there is no oil on the face and there is tightness all over the face, dry skin is more likely. The skin has low levels of water and sebum. The skin is delicate but tight, and it is easy to cause skin problems such as rough texture and peeling.
Oily skin: If oil comes out of both cheeks, forehead and nose, it is more likely to be oily skin. The skin has a high moisture content and sebum content, and the T-zone and cheeks are prone to shine. Although the skin is moisturized and does not feel tight, it is easy to be oily and sticky, and the pores are enlarged.
Normal skin: If the skin is neither tight nor oily, it has normal skin. The skin has a high moisture content and low sebum secretion, and the moisture and sebum are kept in an ideal balance. There is no tightness in the skin, and there are fewer skin problems.
Combination skin: If both cheeks are dry and oil appears on the forehead and nose, it is more likely to have combination skin.
The skin produces more sebum and has a lower moisture content. The T-zone produces a lot of sebum, but the eyes and cheeks are dry, and it is a mixture of dry and oily skin.
For oily skin, the focus of autumn and winter skincare is on controlling sebum production and preventing clogged pores.
Cleansing: Keeping your skin clean is the foundation, choose a gentle cleanser with moderate cleansing power to avoid excessive sebum loss due to over-cleansing. It is recommended to clean once in the morning and once in the evening, and pay attention to the cleanliness of the T-zone.
Hydration: Due to the dry autumn air, the skin is prone to moisture loss, and people with oily skin are no exception. Choose skincare products that have a refreshing texture and good hydration effect, such as those that contain ingredients such as hyaluronic acid and glycerin.
Oil control: While keeping the skin hydrated, it is also important to control the secretion of oil. Choose skincare products that have good oil control effects, such as those containing ingredients such as salicylic acid, azelaic acid, retinol, niacinamide, etc.
Normal skin is the most desirable skin condition, however, even if you have normal skin, you need to be aware of the effects of seasonal changes on your skin, especially in autumn and winter, when the skin is prone to dryness, tightness, and dehydration due to the dry climate.
Cleansing: Choose a gentle cleanser and avoid using soaps that are too alkaline or cleansing with too much power, so as not to disrupt the skin's natural protective layer. When cleansing, moisten your face with lukewarm water and avoid too much or too low the water temperature. Excessive cleansing can disrupt the skin's natural protective layer, causing the skin to lose its ability to protect itself. Therefore, avoid washing your face frequently or using too many cleansing products.
Hydration: Moisturizing is especially important in the dry climate of autumn and winter, when the skin is prone to losing moisture. Choose skin care products that moisturize and moisturize, such as those that contain ingredients such as natural moisturizing factors and hyaluronic acid. Before applying a moisturizer, use a moisturizing serum to improve your skin's ability to retain moisture.
Pay attention to indoor humidity: Use a humidifier or place a basin of water indoors to increase indoor humidity and help keep your skin moisturized.
In autumn and winter, dry skin is clearly dehydrated, and the focus of autumn and winter skincare is to keep the skin hydrated, and everything is centered on hydration.
Cleansing: Wash your face only once a day with a cleanser, as dry skin is particularly dehydrated and prone to peeling due to dryness, choose a cleanser containing ingredients such as honey, milk and vitamin E. However, the cleanser should not be used too much, once a day is fine, and only warm water can be used to wash the face in the morning.
Hydration: Daily skin care products can be paired with a hydrating essence, a barrier care lotion, and a water-locking cream. Conventional water-locking ingredients include mineral oil, petroleum jelly, silicone, beeswax, etc., which are friendly to non-sensitive dry skin. However, if you have sensitive dry skin, you can choose plant-based water-locking ingredients such as cocoa butter, mango butter, and jojoba oil, which have less risk of clogging pores, but the water-locking ability will be worse than traditional water-locking ingredients such as mineral oil, so you need to pay attention to all-round maintenance and cooperation. Reduce the number of exfoliations: Dry skin is very prone to peeling and scaling, which greatly affects the appearance, so there are many beauty fans who always want to solve these dandruffs by exfoliating, we must know that the reason for these dandruffs is not that your stratum corneum is too thick, but because of lack of water, blind exfoliation will only make your skin barrier damage more serious.
In autumn and winter, the oil secretion of combination skin decreases, the T-zone is not particularly greasy, and it begins to dry and dehydrate, and the most important seasonal maintenance is full face hydration and local exfoliation.
Cleansing: Choose a cleanser with high cleansing power, focusing on the oily skin on the forehead, nose, mouth and jawline, while the cheeks can be cleaned by just passing through to achieve a comprehensive cleansing effect. When cleansing, you can also use alternating hot and cold water to wash your face, you can use warm water to clean the "T" area, and then use cold water to wash the entire face.
Hydration: The dry part should focus on moisturizing, use hot compresses to promote metabolism, and make lotions and moisturizing lotions to strengthen moisturizing to replenish moisture. Make a mask 1~2 times a week to achieve deep cleansing and hydration. If you feel that your skin is dry and tight, you can use a mask that is specially designed to hydrate. If your pores are enlarged and oily, try a marine mineral mud mask to draw dirt from your pores and absorb excess oil.
Zoning Acid Brushing: Brushing acid to unclog pores is a topic that will never get tired. For combination skin, it is best to brush the acid in different areas. BHA is a β hydroxy acid, and everyone should know that it is salicylic acid. BHAs are more lipophilic, so salicylic acid is great for penetrating clogged pores and dissolving in sebum, exfoliating from within. This means that BHA is more suitable for oily and clogged areas. PHAs are polyhydroxy acids, such as gluconolactone, galactose, and lactobionic acid, which are more difficult to penetrate due to their larger molecules and are more suitable for drier areas.
1
The use of irritating products is prohibited
Stopping all high-functional, high-concentration products, especially in the hardest-hit areas, high-performance skincare products such as Proto-A alcohol and Pro-Vc will destroy the skin barrier and make the skin worse and worse the more you use it. In special times, it is necessary to "seek progress while maintaining stability", and a healthy skin barrier is the most important thing.
2
Try not to use soap-based cleansers on your face [4,5]
Soap-based cleansers have a strong ability to remove oil. If you have dry skin, you can wash your face with warm water in the morning without cleansing, and you can use a gentler, non-irritating amino acid cleanse in the evening. If you have sensitive skin or oily skin, you can choose a gentle foaming cleanser.
3
Stop abusing a variety of restorative sensitive skin masks
In fact, this mask is not a problem for normal sensitive skin, but if the skin barrier is already damaged, it may aggravate the damage to the skin barrier, unless the ingredients are very simple, except for moisturizers.
4
Skincare steps do subtraction
The simpler the ingredients of the product, the better. For skin with a compromised barrier, a toner is not necessary, just use a repair cream or repair cream. If you have oily skin, add the simplest moisturizing essence (mainly hyaluronic acid) to the previous step, and if you have dry skin, add squalane to the back.
In autumn and winter, the temperature gradually decreases, and the following four skin problems will appear, how should we deal with and prevent them?
The biggest skin problem left behind from the summer is skin darkening. If sun protection measures are not in place, the skin is directly exposed to ultraviolet rays, and melanocytes will secrete a large number of melanin granules, resulting in the appearance of dark or dark spots on the exposed skin. In autumn, although the UV rays don't feel as strong as in summer, the UV rays are actually about the same intensity as in summer. In addition, the temperature drops in autumn, the moisture content in the air decreases, the skin is prone to dehydration, and the metabolism of melanin particles slows down. Therefore, in autumn, beauty fans who have not been tanned remember to continue to do a good job of sun protection.
Although with the arrival of autumn, the sun's irradiation distance becomes farther with the change of irradiation angle, but because the summer is humid, the air has a lot of moisture, and the clouds are thick, the weakening ability of ultraviolet rays is stronger than that in autumn, so the ultraviolet rays in autumn are also quite strong. Based on the reason for the precipitation of melanin particles in autumn, the top priority is hydration, sun protection, and appropriate whitening on this basis.
(1) It is recommended to choose sunscreens, lotions, and masks that contain moisturizing and whitening ingredients to resist the damage of ultraviolet rays to the skin and keep the skin's internal water source from being lost. For example, cosmetics with grape seed [6] ingredients have high moisturizing content, antioxidant, remove dead keratin, lighten the surface melanin, and promote the metabolism of spots;
(2) The use [12] of cosmetics containing arbutin [7,8] , salicylic acid [9，10] , VC and VC derivatives [11] , niacinamide can speed up skin metabolism and enhance the antioxidant capacity of the skin, and can also inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, reduce the reduction of melanin from the root, and brighten the complexion.
It should be emphasized that some hydrating, sunscreen, and whitening cosmetics contain alcohol, and should be used with caution if the stratum corneum is thin or sensitive skin.
In autumn, the temperature gets colder and the skin needs to adapt to the changing weather. If you can't adapt to the changes in the weather, your skin metabolism will be out of balance, and you will have symptoms of allergies. Sensitive skin, in particular, is prone to symptoms such as dryness, redness, itchiness, redness, swelling and itching, and sometimes low-grade fever. If the skin allergy is severe, it will also cause severe puffiness and deformation of the face. For people with sensitive skin, autumn is difficult to spend although it is short.
Solution:
(1) Try to avoid harsh cosmetics. For example, avoid alcohol-based lotions and choose mineral hot spring water that contains trace elements, and spray this hot spring water when inflammation occurs [13,14] , which can relieve redness and inflammation; Reduce the use of makeup, which can be made sensitive by preservatives, pigments, emulsifiers and fragrances.
(2) Use functional products and active products. After skin allergies, in order to maintain the permeability and normal metabolism of the skin, it is necessary to replenish a large amount of water, such as using a natural mask or skin care products containing moisturizing ingredients such as hyaluronic acid, so as to effectively desensitize.
(3) It is to stay away from counterfeit and shoddy cosmetics.
In autumn, when the weather gets cooler, the skin's oil secretion should be reduced, but due to dryness and lack of water, the skin needs to secrete more oil to protect itself, so there is a coexistence of oily and dry skin.
Solution:
(1) For oily skin, the most important and basic step in oil control is to clean the skin. When cleansing the skin, it can effectively remove excess oil. Therefore, it is important to choose products with good cleaning results. Be sure to choose a gentle cleanser, do not use cleansers and soaps with strong cleansing power, which will cause strong irritation to the skin, and the skin becomes sensitive in autumn, which can easily hurt the skin.
(2) In order to solve the oiliness caused by lack of water, it is important to do a good job of hydrating and moisturizing the skin. Choose an oil-controlling toner that can both swell pores and hydrate the skin.
(3) Exfoliate the oily areas to smooth the pores and ensure the normal metabolism of the skin.
As we enter autumn, many people feel that their skin becomes dry and tight, especially after just cleansing their skin, or after going out for a while. The fact is that in summer people sweat easily, the skin has a fast water metabolism, and the amount of water loss is large, which takes away a lot of nutrients. In autumn, the skin's metabolic rate has not fully adjusted, and the skin becomes drier and drier.
Solution:
(1) Apply a hydrating mask. Autumn skin tightness, is a sign of dehydration, applying a mask is a good way to hydrate, you can apply the mask 2~3 times a week. It should be noted that any mask does not need to be applied every day, and if it is applied every day, it will cause a burden on the skin.
(2) People with different skin types should pay attention to choosing different products to improve the dryness and tightness of the skin. People with oily skin can choose oil-in-water moisturizers with more water than oil, so that the skin can achieve the effect of water and oil balance, and those with dry skin can choose moisturizing products with more oil than water [15] , such as products rich in olive oil, shea butter and other products, to moisturize the skin and reduce the feeling of tightness.
The skin barrier is mainly composed of sebaceous film and stratum corneum, and the main function of the skin barrier is to lock in moisture, prevent the loss of nutrients and skin moisture, and at the same time resist external stimuli, forming a natural skin defense line.
Facial cleansing can be done 1~2 times a day, and it is recommended to choose cleansing products with amino acid ingredients; Exfoliating products need to be used with caution, it is not suitable for everyone, dry skin and sensitive skin can not be used, and the frequency of use of oily skin should not be too high, you can use it once every 1~2 weeks.
保湿是护肤的万宗之源，尤其是皮肤屏障受损之后，皮肤里的水分更容易流失，所以做好保湿显得尤为重要。使用含有神经酰胺、胆固醇的保湿剂。细胞间脂质由神经酰胺，胆固醇和脂肪酸组成，选用含有这些成分的护肤品，可以补充皮肤表面的皮脂膜和角质细胞之间的“水泥”，从而加固皮肤表层的“砖墙结构”。
脂质是皮肤屏障中皮脂膜和角质“砖墙水泥”结构中的重要组成，要想恢复皮肤屏障，可以通过补充脂质来实现。皮脂通常包含神经酰胺、胆固醇以及游离脂肪酸等成分，外用神经酰胺、胆固醇等成分可以增强皮肤屏障。
天然保湿因子（NMF）存在于皮肤中，D-泛醇（维生素原B5）与天然保湿因子的结构类似，分子量低且是极性的，生理活性较高，在皮肤内D泛醇转变为泛酸，泛醇以泛酸形式存在于人体组织内，它是辅酶A关键的组分，参与角质层脂质和蛋白质的分子迁移，从而改善皮肤屏障[16]。
Avoid alternating hot and cold environments, if you turn on the air conditioner at home, the temperature is controlled within 25 degrees, and a humidifier must be placed in the room. In autumn and winter, pay attention to wind, cold and radiation, and cover your face. If you don't let the external environmental factors irritate the skin, the skin will have a better space and opportunity to exert its self-repair function. Skin intoleranceNo matter what product you wear, your skin will not be able to resist this external stimulus, then it will always be red and hot.
04
Most cleansing masks will add some ingredients that promote the renewal and metabolism of the stratum corneum, which is very unfavorable for people with thin stratum corneum and sensitive skin.
If you are in the repair stage, redness and sensitive skin with thin stratum corneum, excessive use of sunscreen can be a burden and damage to the skin, but it may worsen the situation. The core and premise of the barrier repair is to avoid irritation.
For example, the small bubbles, hydrotherapy, scratching and tendon pulling, skin irrigation, whitening, freckle removal, and anti-aging products in skin care will destroy the sebum film of the skin, and the stratum corneum of the skin itself is thin and has little oil secretion, and these items and products will aggravate and damage the skin barrier.
After understanding the reasons for the sensitivity of the change of seasons, we will also talk about how to alleviate or prevent the sensitive problems of the change of seasons, and the following seven points are recommended for you to take notes:
Since the loss of moisture from the air is the main culprit, we can use a humidifier in our office or home. Do whatever you can to reduce the impact of the environment on your skin.
In the summer, everyone likes to use skin care products that are relatively refreshing, non-greasy, and have a relatively low fat content. In autumn and winter, these skin care products are not very suitable and need to be replaced with products with high fat content in time.
There are some cleansing methods, such as washing, overly strong detergents, tear-off masks, etc., which are used in the summer, because the air humidity is relatively high, and the skin may not feel strong discomfort.
But if it is in autumn and winter, in such a dry environment, it is definitely not possible to continue such a strong cleaning. Everyday products such as exfoliating scrubs should be used as carefully as possible to avoid excessive loss of cuticles. In autumn and winter, our skincare behavior needs to be more gentle.
Everyone knows that the hydrating effect of the mask is very strong, so many friends think that the autumn and winter are dry, and applying more masks can improve it, but this is not the case.
Although the mask has a good hydrating effect, the long-term moisturizing ability will be relatively weak, and if you apply too much and too often, it will easily cause the skin to overhydrate and cause skin barrier damage, so it is recommended to use it 2-3 times a week, and the skin care effect is excellent.
Although summer is over, you should not slack off, and you should pay attention to continue sun protection, and you can replace the refreshing sunscreen used in summer with moisturizing sunscreen products. Of course, wearing a hat, wearing a mask, and wearing an umbrella are also good choices.
You may find that after staying up late, it is easy to get angry the next day. This is because staying up late can damage the body's natural antioxidant system and weaken the skin's ability to repair itself.
There is a saying called "spring sleepiness and summer lack of autumn nap, winter morning sleep more", I dare not say whether spring sleepiness and summer fatigue are good, but autumn more nap may be right.
Diet-wise, we can eat a little more vitamin B, especially vitamins B2 and B3, which are particularly important for skin barrier repair.
If you are still not getting rid of your seasonal sensitivities after using the above methods, then you should pay attention to whether you have other skin diseases. If you are allergic and your skin has obvious itchy erythema and rashes, it is likely that your skin has developed allergies that cannot be improved with simple skin care products, so you need to seek medical attention in time, ask a dermatologist to help assess the skin condition, and use drugs to control the symptoms in time under the guidance of a doctor.
For example, facial erythema or scaly may be seborrheic dermatitis, perennial facial redness may be rosacea, and redness and scaling around the mouth and nose may be perioral dermatitis.
Frequent skin sprays are thought to be hydrating, but while topical sprays can temporarily relieve some dryness, volatilization will take away more moisture. Therefore, it is not possible to simply spray water. If you really want to use a spray, you can apply a moisturizing lotion or cream immediately after use to lock in moisture.
Some people feel that the mask still has a lot of moisture and is reluctant to throw it away, and they always think that the longer they wear it, the more nutrients the skin will absorb. In fact, in addition to the sleeping mask, which can be used overnight, other moisturizing masks should follow the time indicated on the product, generally speaking, 15~20 minutes is appropriate, and should not exceed 20 minutes. If you leave it on for too long or even wait until the mask is dry, it will only allow the water to evaporate and the skin will gasp.
Oily skin also needs to be moderately moisturized to prevent "oily on the outside and dry on the inside". If your entire face is oily, you can use a moisturizing gel with a lighter texture; If the cheeks are dry and oily areas are caused by the nose, you can use a refreshing moisturizing lotion on the oily areas and a cream on the drier areas.
When winter comes, girls with dry skin often find that their skin becomes dry. The method taken by many people is to apply a lot of water cream cream. However, some moisturizers with a high water content can easily evaporate even if you rub too much. In addition, excessive rubbing can easily lead to clogged pores, causing unwanted skin problems such as breakouts and closed mouths. Although winter is a good time to hydrate the skin, we need to be moderate and understand what the skin needs to replenish, otherwise it will be a burden on the skin, and improper skincare can lead to skin damage.
Many people think that the sun will not be so strong in autumn, and after letting down their vigilance, they no longer use sunscreen products, and they go out to face the sun and open their eyes to the sun, which is really commendable. But what we should know is that although with the arrival of autumn, the sun's irradiation distance becomes farther with the change of irradiation angle, but because the summer is humid, the air has a lot of moisture, and the clouds are thick, the ability to weaken ultraviolet rays is stronger than that in autumn, so the ultraviolet rays in autumn are also quite strong, which is why we sometimes feel that the sun is so powerful in the afternoon of early autumn.
Premature removal of sun protection can allow UV-related skin problems to take advantage of the situation and aggravate various skin irritations.
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